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HMS ''Swift'' was a unique destroyer leader designed and built for the Royal Navy prior to World War I, another product of Admiral "Jackie" Fisher's relentless quest for speed. The class was to be a of large ocean-going destroyer, capable of both the usual destroyer requirements and of the high-speed scouting duties for a major fleet. ==Design== Fisher put his specification to the Director of Naval Construction (DNC) in October 1904 (, 900 tons, ). The DNC replied that it was not strong enough. In 1905 a revised design for from on a 1,400 t hull was pushed through followed by one for 36 knots on 1,350 tons from . Given only four weeks to produce their tender, the major shipyards - Cammell Laird, Thornycrofts, Fairfields, John Brown and Armstrong Whitworth - put forward designs. There were problems meeting the requirements and the high cost of the designs (for example, Armstrong's design was priced at £284,000, compared to £139,881 for , a destroyer of the 1905 ). A final design was not agreed until mid-December 1905; Cammell Laird only raking the order on their proviso that amendments would be needed. The vessel was , 1,680 tons, armed with four Mark VIII 4-inch guns and two torpedo tubes, and oil-fired Parsons steam turbines with four shafts. The vessel was priced at £236,000 and given the building name ''Flying Scud'' (changed to ''Swift'' in April 1906). Work started in December 1906 and she was launched on 7 December 1907. In the initial contract the Admiralty included an offer of £18,000 for every knot more than 36 knots. In trials over a measured mile at Skelmorlie in March 1909 she suffered a number of mechanical failures and never managed better than 35.099 knots, at a shocking fuel consumption of 27.5 tons/hour out of a total stock of only 180 tons. Later trials, up to September 1909, used 26 different propeller designs in an attempt to reached the required speed. The Admiralty finally accepted her as she was for £236,764 with £44,240 in penalties for the failure to reach contracted speed and late delivery. After arguments from the builder as the difficulty of the task the penalties were reduced to £5,000. Reports to the press at the time claimed ''Swift'' could reach 38 knots. Despite being the prototype for her class, no other leaders were built before the outbreak of war in 1914. Her weak armament, lack of speed, and high cost caused Arthur Wilson to note "I do not think we require any repetition of ''Swift'' in the immediate future." Naval historian Anthony Preston has for this very reasons given a sharp criticism of the ship, describing it as a 'very expensive and disappointing outcome'.〔Preston, p. 60〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Swift (1907)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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